Section 194I · FY 2026-27
TDS on Rent
Rent paid for land, building, plant, or machinery.
What Section 194I covers
Section 194I covers TDS on rent for land, buildings, plant, machinery, and equipment. For freelancers receiving rental income on co-working spaces they own or sublet, this section applies to the payer (typically a corporate tenant).
Threshold
Rs. 2,40,000 per financial year per deductor.
Who deducts and who is deducted from
Deductors (who must deduct): Companies, LLPs, partnerships, audited individuals/HUFs paying rent.
Deductees (who has TDS deducted): Landlords receiving rental income from corporate tenants.
Worked example
A payment of Rs. 3,00,000 under Section 194I:
- TDS rate: 10%
- TDS deducted: Rs. 30,000
- Net amount paid: Rs. 2,70,000
Example assumes land/building rent. Plant/machinery rent attracts 2%. TDS is on the rent value EXCLUDING GST per CBDT Circular 23/2017 when GST is shown separately on the invoice (commercial rent attracts 18% GST; residential is exempt).
Likely refund at ITR filing
If rent is a side income and your tax after 44ADA on professional income is modest, the 194I TDS often comes back as a refund — reconcile it in 26AS before filing.
Compliance notes for freelancers
For a freelancer who owns or sublets a co-working space or commercial unit, the corporate tenant deducts TDS under 194I before paying rent — 10% on land/building, 2% on plant/machinery — but only once annual rent to you crosses Rs. 2,40,000. TDS is computed on the rent EXCLUDING GST when GST is shown separately (CBDT Circular 23/2017). The deducted amount appears in your Form 26AS; claim it against your total tax at ITR.
Free Tool
Calculate TDS for Section 194I
The free TDS calculator handles 194J, 194C (individual + company), 194H, and 194O — applies the right rate, threshold check, and the no-PAN 20% rule under Section 206AA.
Open the free calculator →Form 26AS and Form 16A
TDS deducted under Section 194I appears in your Form 26AS after the deductor files their quarterly TDS return (Form 26Q for non-salary TDS). The deductor is also required to issue you a Form 16A certificate within 15 days of the 26Q filing due date.
When filing your ITR, claim the TDS credit in Schedule TDS2 using the deductor's TAN. The system auto-populates this from 26AS — verify each entry against your own records.
Form 26Q quarterly filing dates (deductor obligation)
Form 26Q is the quarterly statement of TDS for non-salary payments (the form your client files reporting the TDS they deducted from you). Knowing these dates tells you when your 26AS entry should appear and when to chase a missing Form 16A.
| Quarter | Period | 26Q due date | Form 16A due date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Apr–Jun | 31 July | +15 days from 26Q due |
| Q2 | Jul–Sep | 31 October | +15 days from 26Q due |
| Q3 | Oct–Dec | 31 January | +15 days from 26Q due |
| Q4 | Jan–Mar | 31 May | +15 days from 26Q due |
Section 197 Lower-Deduction Certificate (LDC)
Most freelancers under Section 44ADA over-pay TDS — 10% deducted under 194J against a final effective tax rate of 5–7% (after 50% presumptive + 87A rebate at the new-regime Rs. 12 lakh threshold). A Section 197 Lower Deduction Certificate from the Assessing Officer instructs your clients to deduct at the lower rate (or nil) — eliminating the year-long refund chase.
How to apply:
- Log in to the TRACES portal (separate login from the e-filing portal — register if you haven't).
- File Form 13 online with: estimated income for the FY, projected tax liability, prior-year ITR, and the list of deductors (TANs and estimated payments) you want the certificate for.
- The AO reviews and issues the certificate within ~30 days (often faster for clean taxpayers with 2–3 years of clean ITR history). Certificate is valid for the FY of issue.
- Share the certificate with each deductor before their next payment — they apply the lower rate from the next deduction onwards.
Best applied for early in the FY (April–June) so the lower rate benefits a full year of deductions. Late applications still save the unrefunded part of remaining payments.
Related TDS sections
- Section 194IB — TDS on Rent by Individuals (Non-Audit) — Rent paid by individuals/HUFs above Rs. 50,000/month (2%).
Related TDS terms
Plain-English definitions for the concepts behind this section:
- Section 194J — TDS on professional and technical service fees — 10% / 2% with Rs. 50K threshold.
- Form 26AS — Consolidated annual tax statement showing all TDS, advance tax, and refunds.
- Form 16A — TDS certificate issued by deductors for non-salary TDS (e.g., 194J, 194C).
- AIS (Annual Information Statement) — Comprehensive annual statement showing all financial transactions reported to the IT department.
- TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) — Mechanism where the payer withholds and deposits income tax on the payee's behalf.
After TDS is deducted — your 4-step compliance workflow
- Verify in Form 26AS within 30 days. The deductor files Form 26Q quarterly (by 31 Jul / 31 Oct / 31 Jan / 31 May for Q1-Q4). Your TDS appears in 26AS only after that filing. Missing entries point to a deductor who hasn't filed — chase early, not at ITR time.
- Collect Form 16A from each deductor. Must be issued within 15 days of the Form 26Q due date. Keep certificates for 7 years (audit limitation period).
- Reconcile against your own invoice records. Match each TDS entry to your invoice. Mismatches (wrong amount, wrong section, missing entry) require a written request to the deductor for correction.
- Claim in ITR Schedule TDS2 using the deductor's TAN. The portal auto-populates from 26AS — verify each row before submitting. Mismatched claims are the #1 trigger for tax-portal notices.
HourSlip
Track TDS deducted on your invoices →
HourSlip reconciles every TDS entry against your invoices, tracks the 4 reconciliation states (matched / pending / mismatch / unmatched), and gives you a pre-reconciled ledger when ITR time arrives. Built for Indian freelancers. Free to start.
Key rules to remember
- No PAN = 20% TDS under Section 206AA of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Always share your PAN with deductors before the first invoice clears.
- Aadhaar-PAN must be linked for your PAN to be operative. An inoperative PAN triggers 20% TDS even if you shared it. Link via the e-filing portal — late linking fee is Rs. 1,000.
- Section 206AB — higher rate for ITR non-filers. If you haven't filed ITR for 2 consecutive years AND your TDS / TCS in each of those years was Rs. 50,000 or more, deductors must apply double the rate (or 5%, whichever is higher) under Section 206AB. The deductor checks this through the Income Tax department's public compliance utility before paying — there's no way around it except filing your ITR.
- TDS is on the value EXCLUDING GST per CBDT Circular 23/2017 dated 19 July 2017, where GST is shown separately on the invoice. Example: invoice Rs. 1,00,000 + 18% GST = Rs. 1,18,000 total → TDS @ 10% under 194J is on Rs. 1,00,000 (= Rs. 10,000), not on Rs. 1,18,000. If GST is not shown separately, TDS applies on the gross.
- Lower deduction certificate available under Section 197of the Income Tax Act, 1961 if your final tax liability will be lower than the TDS being deducted. Most freelancers under 44ADA over-pay (TDS @ 10% vs effective tax ~5-7%). Apply online via the TRACES portal — valid for the FY of issue.
- Surcharge applies to TDS for high-income deductees: 10% surcharge above Rs. 50 lakh, 15% above Rs. 1 crore, 25% above Rs. 2 crore (new regime cap), and 37% above Rs. 5 crore (old regime). Deductors of Section 195 payments must apply the relevant surcharge slab.
Sources